Advantages And Disadvantages Of Franchising Commerce Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Franchising Commerce EssayAn arrangement for a continuing relationship in which one party a franchisor provides an authoritative opport unity to another party the enfranchisemente to do disdain using its work gain and offers assistance in organizing, training, producing, merchandise and managing a good or service in adherence to certain specifications, in return for fiscal exchange.Franchising is a style of art which has a plenteousness of different thus far same branches throughout the world .The franchisee usu all in all(a)(a)y pays a one-time franchise compensation plus a percentage of sales r veritable(a)ue as royalty, and in turn gains instant name and recognition, tried and tested point of intersections, standard infrastructural traffic pattern and interior dcor, detailed techniques in racecourse and promoting the business organization, training of employees and on-going assist in promoting and improving the harvestA franchise i s usually a briny agreement between the franchise geters and the g all overnment.Question 1 answers The advantages of franchising from the franchisees heyday of view ar myriad, approximately beta among them argon First, the franchisee ignore hit from the widely recognised by the style of branding name of the franchisers unspoilt about e genuinelywhere. When a franchiser is around ,it can only mean one amour that is the franchise is well known around and among people, reputed company with extensive customer base and immense brand name recognition. Brand equity is important so that the franchises can invariably gain the specific benefits from the main consumers awareness ,faithfulness and loyalty on the other hand, it lessens competition during recession. The franchisee does not ingest to waste product all the time, cost of expenditure and the effort in building up company good allow for and establish a famous brand name. A branded restaurant chain give maintain its sal es and competitory power even in times of recession and huge competitivenesss entrust be around in the catering or cooking fabrication as the whole brands name is clearly widely well knowned and know and favoured by the people.Second, franchisee can shake up a band of access to the main big kinds of business management skills which are rarely open to propose a grip on. The franchiser usually has important business skills like return management, financial management and marketing management. This in turn, increases the possibility of success of the business. A franchisee is al representations populated in every part of the world as they are very well known for what so ever they do as in catering or multi level marketing and so on. The bigger the power of dependingness of the franchisor company, which definitely has the big organization globally, which has a bigger organization, proves beneficial to the franchisee company, because, the franchisor company has a proven business c formerlypt and a thriving workal profile.Like the advantages, in that respect are many disadvantages also as can be in any form of business, however in this context the disadvantages. The disadvantages to franchising are that the franchisor pass on lose control over certain aspects of the job.The franchisor volition also lose hands-on involvement with the idiosyncratic operations and the franchisor will also be limited by flummox to the actual changes which can and may incur in the franchise units operation structure. The prerequisite to compensate the franchisee payment and it expenditure to the franchisor can be likewise large a sum (in nearly cases). The bigger and famous the brands name the larger the amount to be paid. SuchSecond, all the goodwill hoard by the franchisee in the local market will be transferred to the franchisor once the franchise contract expires or terminationinates. Years of hard work melts in moments with the transfer.Third, the franchisee does not have much freedom in his business. It is necessary that he has to adhere to the standards, policies, procedures and functioning systems of the franchisor. Creativity in ones own business is curtailed completely.Fourth, bodily dough margin reduces because of payment of royalties and other associated levies.Many entrepreneurs think that owning and political campaignning a franchise business guarantees more revenue, profit and returns this is not always be the case, while it may be true for the short term but long term case studies show that starting your own business will be cheaper to run and pay off bankrupt than franchising.Communication is one of the most important things between a franchiser and franchisee, when there is some sort of mis communion the business is likely to fail. Which will end up costing the franchisee a lot of time effort and money just as it will the franchiser. Especially if the franchise is opened in a domain overseas. The cost will automatically in crease due to taxes obligate by respective governments.As a franchisee you will not be able to operate your business to your fancy because the franchiser will already have some sort of business plan. Even though the franchisee may be better able to handle and organise the business but because they are tied to the brand theyre representing therefore makes business operations difficult.Furthermore, if the franchisee isnt able to exert the franchisers run across and standards, it will reflect poorly on the brand itself, which will then slow business down for both the franchiser and franchisee and in addendum will make future entrepreneurs think poorly of the company and will lead them to not invest in the particular franchise as well.The success of a franchise depends on both the franchisor and the franchisee, on the product and the business strategies. To run a successful franchise one has to field of operations the market, the franchisor and the product carefully and judiciously .Question 1 conclusion After doing my research, what I can conclude is that franchising is a great way to expand a business and spread the name of the franchiser far and wide. A lot of imagination must go into owning and running a franchise and is not an easy job and it is a lot to consider. But if it is done the right way and is organised for example, if its in operation(p) system is being run smoothly, it will surely prosper . Many companies have become successful by spring their branches across the nation and in some cases the world. These companies are not taenia to open their franchisors around the world because these franchisee knows very well that the market globally demands the franchisors to be around. These can only tell one thing is that franchisors are upcoming throughout the entire world and it will not period of time blooming due to the fact of its importance around as all the researches shows.Question 2 2. Identify one franchise property in your local market. di scuss about the operation of it and how this property helps to improve the scotch of your area.Question 2 introduction In this modern era of globalization, a companys operations segment is the unit that manages and supports the company. Employees take care of all of the earth activities that keep a company running efficiently behind the scenes. operations employees dont usually come in direct contact with customers and end users, though they are responsible for helping to ensure that customers ultimately receive the product or service that the company promises. Theoperating unit of ammunitionof a business is the average period of time required for a business to make an sign outlay of immediate payment to produce goods, sell the goods, and receive notes fromcustomersin exchange for the goods. If a company is a reseller, then the operating round does not include any time for work it is evidently the date from the initial cash outlay to the date of cash notice from the custo mer. Companies dont arbitrarily decide an operating cycle because it reflects how in reality business transactions progress from start to finish. The operating cycle is also referred to as the cash-conversion cycle, which is the length of time that a company takes to convert its history bribe to sales revenue. A typical operating cycle includes the days of inventory outstanding before sales, the days of accounts receivable outstanding before cash collection, and the days of accounts payable outstanding before cash payments. The operating cycle is useful for estimating the amount ofworking capitalthat a company will deprivation in order to maintain or grow its business. A company with an extremely short operating cycle requires less cash, and so can still grow while selling at comparatively miniscule margins. Conversely, a business may have fat margins and that still require additional financing to grow at even a modest pace, if its operating cycle is unusually long.Question 2 a nswers The occuring are all factors that influence the duration of the operating cycleThe extended payment terms to the company by itssuppliers since the company can delay paying out cash. longer payment terms prune the operating cycle.The order fulfilment policy, since a high assumed initial fulfilment rate increases the amount ofinventory on hand, which increases the operating cycle.The trust policy and related payment terms, since looser credit equates to a longer breakup before customers pay, which extends the operating cycle.Thus, several management decisions (or negotiated issues with business partners) can invasion the operating cycle of a business.McDonalds is a great example of a franchise, many people have opened this chains of fast aliment all over their respective countries and to involve benefits to themselves and economies in which theyve started this .Here are some of the factors of the famous fast food chain we visit frequently, McDonalds.Common operations Un its concern is one of the most important operational part of a moving business. Management is responsible most of everything. The management would handle the product duties and make various and different strategic plans for the company to follow. The marketing unit is in charge of the side of how to sop up the customers towards the companies .As in example ,the marketing unit would be the people who publish stuffs about the company in newspapers and magazines. The administrative unit of the company is in charge of ordering supplies, hiring employees, and managing communication within (and outside of) the firm. If you have a secretary to run your small office, this person commonly handles all of your administrative support activities.Quality ManagementEmployees who work in operations have various kinds of responsibilities, but the most common and the most important job to handle is the quality management. both of the operational units in the business will have to keep an center o f attention on the quality management. This is due to the fact that if quality management is not handled properly with an oderly manner, there could be a very bad image upon the companies which in the end would be blamed on the operational units.ConsiderationsTo have a functional and well-run operations unit, the company must be merged and its implantation must be strong in order to run like a well-oiled machine. Communication to and from the various operational units of the business is blusher because they all work together to help generate a profit for the company. This is especially true for a very small company one cog in the wheel can jam up operations. on that point is usually as written operations procedure manual distributed among all the employees to clear out all the confusions. This helps a lot because then the employee doesnt need to disturb the employers for any information but just directly go through the manual.When a franchisee invests in a military rude, the scale of the investment funds is likely to be very large and cause a lot of economic activity in whichever market it establishes itself in.Improving the balance of payments private investment will usually help a countrys balance of payments situation. The investment itself will be a direct flow of capital into the country and the investment is also likely to result in import electric switch and export promotion. Export promotion comes due to the franchise using their production facility as a basis for exporting, while import electric switch means that products previously imported may now be bought domestically.Providing troth FDI will usually result in employment benefits for the host country as most employees will be locally recruited. These benefits may be relatively greater given that governments will usually try to attract firms to areas where there is relatively high unemployment or a good lying-in supply.Source of tax revenue Profits of franchises will be bailiwick to l ocal taxes in most cases, which will provide a valuable source of revenue for the domestic government.Technology transfer Franchises will bring in the best technology and all the kinds of methods that would be new to the host country. In contrary ,by doing this method, the host country would learn a lot from all these kinds of techniques which are very valuable to them.National reputation The straw man of any one of these franchises may bring out the best of the country and also improve the high status of the host country. This would be very good because all the other host countries which would see the difference, would definitely follow up with their own franchisesQuestion 2 conclusion Given all the information, a owning and running a franchise is a risky business as is with all business but people do so with government encouragement and because they think that running a franchise will guarantee a bigger or higher profit or income. This may not always be the case and it is often found that in the long run running an original business gives higher returns. Though all business have their pros and cons, franchising and running a franchise has with it a lot to consider and the proper decisions and actions must be interpreted in order for the business to succeed and prosper.

Do Opinions on Immigration Change Over Time?

Do Opinions on Immigration Change e genuinely(prenominal)w present cartridge clip?Samantha ClarkeTable of Contents (Jump to)Abstract worldHypothesesNull surmiseAimMethodDesignParticigenus Pants apparatusProcedureResultsInferential Statistics/ interference of Results handlingConclusion step-up auxiliary A standard QuestionsAppendix B type Results TableAppendix C Sample Questionnaire accomplishedAppendix D Raw data from both(prenominal) conditionsAppendix E Scatter graphAppendix F Shows Increases and Decreases by PercentageAppendix F Descriptive StatisticsReferencesAbstractThe test set out to surface or dis corroborate t don oer a set arrest of time of time, assurance regarding in-migration miscell boths signifi privytly.Twenty instrumentalists took part in the experiment and were contended to complete a questionnaire, rep beating the same questionnaire a week later. The questionnaire usage the Likert attitude scale, fling responses from potently agree to vi rilely disagree. Five constructive and five nix questions were asked where the impinge on was reversed.The results proved that all over time whim does alter.IntroductionWhat collisions our accessible perspective, which is how we analysis and perceive, ( manybodys or gatherings) development varies rules of analysing body language, t i of voice, facial ex pressure levelion, behavior and is how we befuddles sense of our surroundings. This is social cognition, the human brains ability play teaching associated with close to otherwise humans, (http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-social-perception.htm).How would an private perceive actions of a nonher, if they were to put them d own solely the time? What if be origin its established they argon a couple. Perceptions argon distorted or take a crap a bias if in that respect is a link, favouritism. This is c tout ensembleed in- root bias.Trait concept is the social perception of how other traits fuel impact behaviour. If our surroundings or milieu encourage and watch us to be of a certain social behaviour i.e. angry or helpful, thus our tendency as humans is to mirror this judge behaviour.Attitudes apprise throw by the need for humans to assent. Compliance is when behaviour converts to or appears to change based on the situation the individual is in, be it a group conversation or debate, the need or peer pressure to accompany with others or to yield the outcome. Where compliance has been reverted to, it doesnt suppose that the individual has actually changes their confidence on the subject or changed their belief, notwithstanding bear complied with the env smoothing ironment they ar in. This is evidenced in the Asch experiment.Attitudes croup be influenced by targeting the individuals emotion. An individuals attitudes could break been influence in the exsert decade due to the 911 terrorist attacks, all the political campaigning and TV programmes closely eastern atomic number 63. Th is can sc be humans e pickyly if they feel their own lives argon threatened, as the news reports relieve oneself suggested.The role which individuals play can impact attitude. We have seen with the Milgram experiment that someone seen to be in a position of sureness can influence individuals and ca apply them to give a on the face of it lethal electrical shock to another human being.The participants may be influence by what they believe is socially acceptable. Their opinion superpower be that they think immigration is bounteous for sociality, exactly beca make use of they believe this is not socially acceptable they might answer the questions incompatiblely and wish to be seen to be unprejudiced. The topic of immigration one that falls into the category of being severely affected by social desirability, (McLeod S( 2009) in http//www.simplypsychology.org/saul-mcleod.html, http//www.simplypsychology.org/attitude-measurement.html).Perceptions, attitudes and stereotypes can de veloped from the individuals p bents or guardians as these ar the individuals who nature them in the aboriginal stages. If you have encountered an import with a Eastern European person, it might be that you stereotype all Eastern European to be the same. For example, all Eastern Europeans ar terrorists. erst the stereotype is believed by that individual, any further encounters with Eastern Europeans and them dis backing the stereotype, the individual imparting categorise them as not being the typical Eastern Europe person.Perceptions argon expectations the individual might have. For example, the expectation that an Eastern European person pass on conduct themselves in a certain way. This finale is make by recalling the stereotype and disregarding the Eastern European which didnt fall into this category.This thought treat take seconds and can be use to quickly identify how to behave, respond and predict what leave behind happen next. blemish could be reduced if the group of individuals are on equal statuses, authority and int eonct on dissentent social levels.HypothesesOpinion towards immigration alters bigly when asked the same questions twice over a set time period of time. in that respect result be earthshaking different in the correlation coefficient amidst participants attitude in score 1 and 2.Null systemOpinion towards the topic of immigrations does not alter when the individual is asked the same questions twice over a set time period. Therefore no evidentiary correlation between participants match attitude score 1 and total attitude score 2.AimTo evaluate how time influences opinion on the prejudicial topic of immigration.MethodDesignThe chosen design system is observational system this al commencements the study of the participants behaviour using a varied level of control.Repeated measures will be apply, so the same participants take part in both conditions of the experiment. This reduces the number of participants as they sa me are utilise for both conditions, it is much than convenient as well as and cost effective. Repeated measure designs disadvantage though is the participants k now what they will be asked the second time round. Therefore their attitude might change to influence the results, awarely or unconsciously. They may be very compulsive the first time they answer the questions, then have lost busy the second time. Therefore their opinions might change towards the questions asked and might not be as strongly opinionated in the second round of questions.Time sampling will be the main(prenominal) self-directed shifting in this study. Observing participants attitude towards immigration at cardinal different points in time. Time sampling is where for a set period behaviour is observed, in this possibility the duration of the experiment time slots for the questionnaire. WE arent using event sampling in this spokesperson as this is discover all the time, and noting when behaviour cha nges.The independent variable is what the experimenter has control over, in this instance it is time, which will provide the results or dependant variable and the questions being asked. The questions asked as the same in both conditions, are the same for all participants and comply with the Likert attitude scale to have five ban and five positive questions. Other variables in this experiment will not be controlled. For example, the exposure to information relating to the subject of immigration i.e. TV, news, debateions they might have after(prenominal) the experiment with others and therefore be influenced by other participants answers.The experiment must have considered the code of conduct outlined by the British Psychological Society. respectable considerations to not cause offence with the questions asked, gain consent once the all-inclusive experiment has been explained, outline the purpose and procedure. Participants will be offered a sham of the results and an option t o be personally debriefed.If the participants start to converse with the experiment regarding their opinion on the subject of immigration, the experimenter must not personalise this in anyway, nor discuss their own opinion on the subject as this may influence the participants.Steps which will be takenDiscuss with the participants the purpose of the experiment, process, expected outcome and what will be done with the results.Explain that the condition will be repeated with a period of a week between tests.Explain that the participants have a choice not to participant. They can earmark at any point and stop the experiment and can ask questions.Ethical considerations taken when planning the experiment.Gain written consent. equalize a visualize and time for both conditions.Conduct condition 1.Repeat a week later with condition 2.Gather and analysis results.Present results stake to the participant if they wish to do so.ParticipantsParticipants are list below, recording their age, sex ual activity and internality. The names, address and contact details are no recorded for confidentially.ApparatusThe Likert scale will be utilize. Ten questions relating directly to the hypothesis higher(prenominal) up will be presented to each participant. Five positive and five negative questions. from each one question with have a scale of five responses, doubles from strongly agrees right through to strongly disagree. The overall score, for the five positive questions the score system will provide a higher score the more the participant agrees. It is the reverse for the negative questions.The questionnaire will be completed by each participant one week, and then repeated the following week. The date and time will be agreed, and the set rest period between the conditions will be fixed.The overall lashings from each will be compared to measure and provedisprove the hypothesis.ProcedureThe twenty participants will each completed the questionnaire and then repeat the same que stionnaire the following week.Repeated measures will be use, so the same participants take part in both conditions of the experiment.Each participant will have the same information regarding the experiment, understanding of the purpose, the concomitant that they will be required to complete the questionnaire twice over a devil week period, what the results will be utilize for and consent obtaind before processing. They will be informed that they can stop the experiment at any given time. This will ensure the code of ethics is met and it is a reasonablenessable and equal experiment.Each participant will be time box to complete the questionnaire within 30 minutes. Each participant will be given the same questionnaire shown in Appendix A Sample Questions.Each participant will be thanked for their time and if they so wish can have a copy of the results.The results will be gathered over the two week period and recorded in a sore data table as shown in Appendix B Sample Results Table. This data can be employ to provedisprove the hypothesis.ResultsThe results as explained below prove the hypothesis is go drink. See Appendix D Raw data from both conditions. This outlines each participants score for condition 1 and condition 2. in all calcualtions shown in Appendix F Descriptive Statistics highlight that condition 2 has higher scores or outputs that condition 1. The results are displayed in a unf octogenarian graph in Appendix E Scatter graph. This is a in writing(p) view showing that the second condition in some cases gave a higher score.Data for the to a higher train pie chart can be ensnare Appendix F Shows Increases and Decreases by Percentage.Inferential Statistics/Treatment of ResultsIn this experiment, parametric statistics are used. This is because parametric statistics facilitate the study of an interval scale order the manage the Likert questionnaire. It allows the point scale to be used in this questionnaire, from strongly agreeing to strongly disagreeing to be scored and the results interrupted to give a mean or standard deviation as an example. Using a conformation of information to correlate the results provides more accurate and more powerful display of the results.DiscussionOpinion towards immigration alters significantly when asked the same questions twice over a set time period of time. There will be significant different in the correlation between participants attitude in score 1 and 2.The results shown in Results conclude that if asked the same set of questions twice deviation a week in-between, that opinion towards immigration changes. Therefore proving the hypothesis correct and the null hypothesis incorrect.75% of scores changed over the two conditions any negatively or positively but change nun the less. of the scores did not change.The results shown are a reflection of the general population that opinion changes over time. The fact that the high percentage means the participants opinions scor ed higher would mean the chosen approach to repeat the questionnaire using the same participants didnt cause them to become bored or uninterested, but the opposite was in fact expressed in the results. This however may be the result of the participants wanting to influence the results and therefore provide evidence towards the hypothesis.The experiment could have more smoothly if there was an easier way to calculate the results. Reviewing and scoring each participant twice was very inefficient. If this experiment were to be done on a larger scale, this would need to be considered as an celestial sphere to be improved.The participants varied in issueity, were a sample of the population. The experiment could have explored this area more. Nationality might have a big impact on the results. Were individuals are born(p) or where they parents and grandparents originate from could have a big impact on their opinion to immigration.Further control over the variables, i.e. what they read, watched and discussed throughout the week could have been controlled to genuinely see if it was just time as the independent variable impacts the dependent variable.An idea to improve the experiment further is to increase the independent variable of one week between the conditions being repeated to several(prenominal) years. Opinion relating to the topic of immigration could change from 20 year old to 40 year old.ConclusionThe experiment set out to confirm that individuals opinion of immigration changes over time. This experiment had yet a week between the two conditions and the results show that opinion (increase or decrease) significantly changes over time. With the increased score being the more plethoric figure.AppendixAppendix A Sample QuestionsAppendix B Sample Results TableAppendix C Sample Questionnaire Completed5immigration has negatively impacted the UKStrongly AgreeAgreeNeither Agree or DisagreeDisagree somewhatEuropean culinary arts UK and SpainEuropean culinary arts UK and Spain IntroductionThis assignment will focus on the culinary art of Europe and more itemally on the cuisine of Spain and the cuisine of the British IslesThe report will critically evaluate European cuisines using sufficient reliable sources unitedly with evidence in the form of wait ones recipes. I have baffled in the college kitchen and in different kitchen I worked while on my kitchen industrial training. In addition to these dishes and my practical performance will be assessed and evaluated critically. An appropriate explanation and confession will be applied to each dish to explain to the lector in great deal the reasoning for the use of specific commodities methods and equipments used while preparing and homework them.CuisineIt can be termed as a specific set of readying tradition techniques, which are practice a lot associated with a specific culture. It can be termed after a neck of the woods or a place where it is practiced over and over once more and where its underlining culture is stock-still present. The ingredients that are locally available or a undulate of through trade primarily influences a cuisine. European cuisineThe European cuisine as a w fix is a mix of vivid, completed, compelling challenging gives a lot of space for experimenting and playing with the different ingredients available all over the European continent. It provides a lot of oscilloscope of learning about a wide transmutation of countries, physical geography, apparitional and cultural practices, locally available ingredients, climate, demographic, political, economic, and geological influences.Before explaining about the European cuisine we have to know about the Europe and its lineaments that are very various(a). Europe on the whole is very much divided on the basis of its Diverse physical geography, Climatic changes ,Geology of the continent ,Varied bio- motley And close to important is the mix of its Demographic variances, political stability , economic conditions, industrial growth, the refrigerated war era (1945-1990), rise of the E.U. (European union) 1991-07, current economic recession (2008-09). The above stated plays an important role in the jet European persons life. All these are based on the late 18th, nineteenth, 20th speed of light changes that took place in Europe due to the modern invention, wars, and immigration of hot deal for weaken life. extension (http//europa.eu/abc/european_countries/index_en.htm)All the above mentioned some where or the other influenced the eating clothes of the persons thus improving and spreading and making the sustenance cooking techniques and practices unequalled and others recognized them as a specific cuisine.EuropeDivision is based on the diversity of cuisineEastern European cuisineScandinavian cuisineRussian cuisineGerman cuisineCuisine of British IslesIberian cuisine (known as Spanish+ Lusitanian cuisine)Greek cuisineItalian cuisineFrench cuisineSpainSpain is the ternion largest nation and occupies well-nigh of the Iberian Peninsula at the southwestern edge of the European continent.The basis of the history of Spanish pabulum is very much influenced by its geographical situation. First of all Spain is located on the Iberian Peninsula and some entirely surrounded by the waters. Due to its location ocean nutrient forms on of the main ingredients of the Spanish gastronomy and categories the country as having a Mediterranean diet.Apart from cover by the sea the rest of Spain is a diverse terrain made up of mountain arranges, lush pasture, fertile farm grounds and an enormous coastline, which contributes as a main source of providing quite a sort of novel point of intersections.Regional and cultural division throughout the history of Spanish cuisine.There is a very kindle history of Spain as various people, including the Phoenician, the Romans and the moors, have invaded Spain over the centuries, Jews later integrated the elements of th eir own cooking into that of Spain.As there is a vast and complex ingredient available throughout Spain for cooking and as different methods are used to cook them there is one similarity in all the portional cuisine that is garlic and olive crude oil. The culinary regions of SpainThe north of SpainThis region is mainly considered for its pickyties of sauces and sea forage, such as regions of Galicia and Asturias.The eastern regionThe most illustrious delicacy known as paella valenciana comes from this region in this region the primary dishes are rice basedThe central SpainThis includes the region of Castilla-Len. This region is famous for its roast meats and cocidos or stews.The PyreneesThis region is scale of the chilindrones, sauted peppers, garlic, tomatoes and onion are the ingredients that accompanies primarily in all the regional dishesCatalua regionThis regional cuisine reflects a wide characteristic of land and people casserole or cazuelas makes the region famous and l ast but not the least cooking in the clay pots that gives the dishes a typical aroma.AndalusiaIt is the sub region classified, as the staple diet is tip and tapas is the other specialty no bar serve a drink without a tapas to munch on. Andalusia is one of the worlds major producers of olive oil. It has a long coastline overflowing of seafood and a savoury Mediterranean weather to compliment.The climatic and geographical characteristics have given the regional cuisine its primary features, the refreshing gazpachos, the heat up seek, and the course of cookery generally easy to doctor and accompanied by high up flavored wines. come(Solomon H. Katz, encyclopedia of food and culture, New York gale group ltd.)The Legacy Of The MoorsThe Moors were famous for combining meat and slant with fruit and this practice is still common in parts of Andalusia today. The hot climate of the region is ideal for evolution a large variety of fruit and vegetables. Spanish regional foodhas many another(prenominal) local variations and Andalusia cuisine has a wide variety ofdishes, which have originated in specific areas. Being the last bastion of the Moors, Andalusia food has a strong Moorish influence, kebabs are very popular and the mixture of meat and fruit.The Mediterranean coast offers an abundance of seafood and there are lots of seafood restaurants up and down the Costa del Sol. Parillada is a mix of grilled seafood with garlic, parsley and a a few(prenominal) wedges of lemon. Fritura is an assortment of small tip, which have been coated in flour and fried in olive oil with garlic and parsley. denotation (http//www.apartrent.co.uk/REGIONS/ANDALUCIA/food.htm)Essential ingredients that make Spanish cuisine different from others are olive oil, garlic, fresh tomatoes, and variety of paprika powder as well as saffron. Rest of the ingredients differ from kitchen to kitchen operations and preparation of meats and availability of fish and seafood. initiation(Pepita, A (2 004) Spanish food and cooking)Baking in common saltiness is a popular method of cooking fish in Andalucia. The fish is encased in a salt mixture, which sets trying during baking. Special saltpans are available for this type of cooking. The salt case is broken away before serving. Far from being salty, the fish becomes moist and tender.Paella is the national dish and is conventionally eaten on Sunday lunch period when all the family troop down to their local restaurant and spend most of the afternoon eating and drinking. Paella varies from region to region. Paella originated in Valencia and Valencian paella is still regarded as the true stochastic variable.An unusual and tasty seafood dish from Andalucia is a combination of clams with sinlessness beans or Alubias blancas con almejas.Andalucian HamDried ham is one of Spains most famous specialty foods and can be found on the shelves of most supermarkets. A few areas are noted for the excellence of their hams, especially Extr emadura and some of the mountainous regions of northern Spain. Another area producing the most sought after air-cured hams are the villages dotted around the slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.The climate in this area is supposed to be the best for giving the ham unique zestfulnesss. The pigs special diet in the pasture and a unique curing process contribute to the fine flavours of these hams, which are classified as Serrano (plain cured) and bellota (acorn ham).The ham is change in specially constructed sheds, which are a common site in the village. The hams are cured for a minimum of twelve months.Source (http//www.apartrent.co.uk/REGIONS/ANDALUCIA/food.htm) Equipments and commodities used in set up of any Spanish kitchen CommoditiesSpanish cuisineVegetables, state of nature food mixing of olives, tomatoes, fresh peppers, dried chilies, white potato vine and squashes, beans, aubergine, garlic, wild variety of mushroom, dried beans, lentils, cabbage, turnips, cardoons, caper s, dandelion, garbanzo, leafy green spinach, asparagus, honey.Herbs and flavouringsSaffron, cumin, coriander seeds, black pepper, salt, paprika, request leaves, fennel, lemon verbena, mint, oregano, parsley, rosemary, thyme, almonds, hazelnuts, pine nuts, sherry vinegar, aniseedFruitsApricot, dates, plums, dark picot cherries, golden grapes, red fleshed figs, pomegranate, orange, variety of melons, strawberries, passion fruit, banana, pineapple.Fish, shellfish and Preserved fishHake, cod (bacalao), Gallo, sea bass, turbot, monkfish, gilthead bream, swordfish, sea trout, pinkish-orange trout, carp, tench.Scallops, mussels, clams, cockles, prawns, shrimps, lobsters, crabs, squid, cuttlefish, octopus, crayfish.Preserved fish blue fin tuna, sardines, anchovies, and variety of fish caviars (black herring roe, grey mulletMeat, poultry and gamePork, suckling pig, holler out and veal, the fighting bull, lamb, Capons, guinea fowl, goose, duck, turkey, hare, rabbit, venison, quail, pigeo n, woodcock, pheasant.Preserved meatSausages(black, red, white), morcillas, chorizo, white botifarras (Blancas), embutidos.Lomo embuchado(cinta), jamon Serrano,cecina.Dairy productsMilk, butter, Variety of quit about 200.Cabrales, menorcan mahon, san milon, idiazabal, manchega.Bread and cakestraditional breads-hogaza,pan de cebada.Cocas- hot from bread oven like pizza.Variety of cakes and buns- magdalenas(butter cakes), sobos pasiegas.Being so diverse with a wide range of ingredients available to prepare and cook a Spanish cooking does not need anything special, it requires a basic, well-equipped kitchen. Bottle opener- for wines and bottled vinegarsSource(http//images.google.com/images?)Tough bottle openers are used in the entire kitchen all over the world but it is necessity to have one because it comes very handy when using bottles of wine, vinegars and oil in Spanish cooking as it is needed so often.ceramic or clay pot Widely used for oven baked casserole dishes and for cocidos .It is used in different regions of Spain as they cook casserole dishes every single day. ceramic or clay pots take time to cook the food as well as maintain its nutritional value and gives a typical flavours to the food.Espresso pot- for coffeeAfter every meal Spanish people choose to have a cup of coffee as it is widely used in every household as well as in any Spanish restaurant.Source(http//images.google.com/)Garlic press- one designed to press cloves without having to peel them. Garlic is the main ingredient in the Spanish cuisine and cleaning a garlic pod is very tiring affair when it has to be done in bulk. It is always good to have a garlic press in the kitchen.Source(http//images.google.com/images?)Mortar and pestle-it is ordinarily used to philander herbs and spices and making fresh dipping for the various tapas dishes.It is as well as used to grind saffron and salt unitedly to get a distinctive flavour in paella dishes.Source(http//www.williams-sonoma.com/products /3983806/?cm_src=rel)Heavy mason jar-It is used for storing leftover oil. Spanish cooking use the frying method either for fish or making garlic prawns. After preparation of every meal there is a leftover of oil that is always stored in the Heavy Mason jar for its reuseSource(http//images.google.com/images?)Paella pan- for cooking paellaPaella is best prepared over an open fire,gas operated or char burn BBQ. Use a round kettle-style BBQ the reason for this is so that the heat is evenly distributed and because the heat should gradually decrease as you are cooking it. First, the fire must be very hot to brown the meat, and then it should be lower to simmer the riceSource (http//spanishfood.about.com/od/maincourses/a/paella.htm)Source(http//images.google.com/images?)Pressure cooker-It is interesting as now days to speed up cooking example- stews a lot of Spanish restaurants are using pressure cookers.Source(http//images.google.com/images?)Roasting trays- for oven roasting usually used for cooking large joint of meats or simple fish and poultry.Ramekins-a large number of small baking equipments are used in order to make desserts ramekins are specially used in preparing flans.Source(http//images.google.com/images?)Salt-pans for cooking fishThe fish is encased in a salt mixture, which sets hard during baking. Special saltpans are available for this type of cooking. The salt case is broken away before serving. Far from being salty, the fish becomes moist and tender.Source (http//www.apartrent.co.uk/REGIONS/ANDALUCIA/food.htm)Source(http//images.google.com/imgres?)British cuisineThe cuisine of Britain, Ireland, Scotland and Wales combined together provide the basis for a cooing style that is known as British cuisine although this cuisine is widely influenced and diversified by the history of its colonization. earthshaking sub regionsScotlandEnglandIrelandWalesBritain on a whole is blessed with a distinctive temperature, climatic conditions, fertile land a range of g eographical diversity and a long coastline. Many streams of fresh water and river provide a variety of fresh ingredients to consume. British Cuisine is prcised tradition of food followed from their ages and which are ultimately associated with the United country. British cuisine consists of dishes made from the ingredients and food products locally produced.British food is widely influenced by the people settled in Britain. As now Britain calls out Chicken Tikka Masala as their national dish.Source(http//news.bbc.co.uk, http//www.channel4.com/food/on-tv/river-cottage/) economical cuisineIt has its own characteristic hat makes it different from rest of the cuisine and is immensely appreciated by people all over the world. A traditional Scottish cuisine features of an extensive use of freshly grown or produced ingredients in other footing locally available or local produce. The local produce includes oats, season meats oatcakes smoke-dried fish are the standard items that are use d in Scottish style of cooking. Someone talks about Scottish cuisine one should remember that on any good or bad occasion one cannot forget about the whisky as the Scottish whisky is worlds famous and they are the largest producers of finest spirit up Haggis is considered to be the delicacy of the Scott Sheep offals is the headman ingredient in the preparation of Haggis. The Scottish nation food product is haggis was originated by carrying the low quality meat in pigs or sheeps stomach. The Scandinavian invaders who would maintain their food during for the long journey from Scandinavian introduced this. Source (Lawrence, S.(2002) work Lawrences SCOTTISH KITCHEN, capital of the United Kingdom headline.)Influence on Scotland There was French influence over the Scottish cuisine in late middle ages and early modern era this was because of the cultural exchange brought Mary, Queen of Scots when she returned to Scotland brought in back French chefs who brought in change in the Scottis h unique food and also resulted for the change in terminology. Scottish traditional delicacies are Scotch broth, Colcannon, Scotch Pie, and Porridge. Apart from these dishes Kale, cabbage and many more showtime vegetables are widely used Shellfish is very popular, Scottish salmon and world famous Scottish Angus beef.Special food for special occasion in Scotland conventionally there are special food that are prepared and served in Scotland during the festivals they were specially prepared they often had ingredients with a certain significance (such as flour from the last sheaf) or were made with certain ingredients that were valuable, difficult to obtain round the year, or not eaten at other times of the year.Source(Solomon H. Katz, encyclopedia of food and culture, New York gale group ltd.) Scottish area and their specialty of food and dishes.Area of Scotland nutrient and dishesEdinburgh and the LothiansMidlothian oatcakesEdinburgh waver (sugary confection)Angus and fife, ForfarB ridies (pastry filled with steak),Dundee marmalade, Dundee cake, arbroath smokies, pitcaithly bannockGlasgow, Clydeside.AyrshireBordersGlasgow brothCheese and ayrshire shortbreadSelkirk bannock, Eye rima oris fish pieDumfries and GallowayNorth-eastGalloway beefButteries, finnan haddock, Aberdeen angus steak, skirlie risquelands and inner Hebrides fry herring, game soup, tatties and crowdie (potatoes and promiscuous discontinue), highland oatcakes, atholl brose (whisky mixed with oatmeal).The outer HebridesWhelk soup, barley bannocks, kale soupOrkney and sheftlandOatmeal soup, fried herring and onions, potatoes with milk, beremeal bannocksMethod of cooking- fume For fishes like Salmon, Haddock, TroutBoiling vegetablesBaking PiesThe specialty about the cuisine is that it consists of a full eat includes of eggs. Bacon, black pudding, porridge, fat sausage, Ayrshire baconLunch and evening meal consists of soup. Meat and at least to vegetables followed by a dessert.side/(Britain)Eng lish cuisine as a hole has a wider influence as their history goes. Their cuisine is influenced by the ever-changing settlements from different regions of Europe to this place. The so-called Celts, Romans, Danish and Norwegian Vikings, The arrival of Norman that provides French influence in the cuisine.By the late 16th Century till 18th century England explore and invade colonies that widely developed this cuisine as a whole. All together this factor primarily bought further new dimensions to the cuisine and has become an intrusive part of English cuisine.The English eating habit mainly includes breakfast, fried bacon, eggs, black pudding, sausages, baked beans, grilled kidney, kedgeree bread followed by lunch and afternoon tea or so called high tea. Consists of cakes, savory, biscuits, scones, variety of sandwiches and tea follow by the main meal in the evening.The interesting thing about the British cuisine as a hole is that it has a large scope of experimentation as people here are very much keen to experiment on trying different food and adopt different food styles which includes Asian, Italian and they can be converted to the British palate. Thus there is no hard and fast rule whatsoever.Currently Britain is giving more importance towards the drudgery of organic foods as people have become health conscious and have restricted their diet. The organic food are therefore considerably made available in shopping malls, food courts, some restaurants are serving sole(prenominal) organic food products. Also United Kingdom is been recorded for most advance ways of animal farming and welfare.Source(http//www.channel4.com/food/on-tv/river-cottage/)The British cuisine traditionally in the modern era consists of the traditional Sunday roast that consists of meat choice of fish or pork, chicken served with gravy Yorkshire pudding, potato mash or roast potato and minimum of to vegetables.The chips shop or the take always are also very popular making fish and chips their renowned specialty. The other important thing, which cant be missed in British cuisine, is the Anglo- Indian version of the Indian dishes.The Famous Food Culture of BritainTraditional English breakfastTraditional LunchesEnglish Traditional Favourite for Super or High TeaTraditional Fish and Chips and SnacksTraditional Afternoon TeaTraditional Sunday RoastSource(www.greatbritishkitchen.co.uk) Irish cuisineGeographically Ireland has very diverse climatic conditions in the Europe and thus shows the impact on its cuisine significantly. The Irish cuisine is very well known for its good wholesome food made up from locally grown/reared produce. stump spud feature prominently in todays diet and old time delicacies like Irish stews and Dublin caddle.Northern Ireland is also renowned for apples. There are common crops grown all over Ireland, as the climate conditions are same all over Ireland. Irish is also famous for cheese farming as they have one secret ingredient for the olympian quality of the milk.Traditional Irish cooking the most commonly used equipment was three legged iron pot, Griddle for cooking oat cakes, Iron pan for frying of pan cakes and bacon rashes also eggs and fish. They also made use of potherbs for turn potatoes, meats and fish.Source (Lennon, W.B (ETA), (2004) The Irish heritage cookbook, London)Irish people eat meat as well as they are fish and shellfish lovers. Fishes like Atlantic salmon, sea trout, mackerel, haddock, sea bass, monk fish, Dublin utter prawns, scampi, scallops and mussels, Irish Galway of oysters. Also were smoked and cured foods like smoked mackerel, salmon, eel and kippers.A full Irish breakfast consists of eggs, sausages, white pudding, black pudding, fresh fruits, assurance and scones with butter or preserves. Lunch and evening meals consists of meat, vegetables and potato.The Irish are famous for their soda bread and Irish spirit and Guinness. Irish use spirits as well in their cuisine in order to produce good f lavor and distinctive taste and aroma. Irish food is a complex as the many cultural, political and economic forces that have wrought Irelands existenceWelsh cuisineGeographically welsh has a diverse terrain together with rivers and coastline abundance of seafood, welsh people always yield a bountiful of fresh foods in particular the wild animals and the variety of seafood. The cooking methods use in this cuisine is very interesting as these were used back in history.The tradition of the Wales was to survive into the 20thcentury in the rural parts. The- welsh cuisine traditionally was to satisfy the appetite of the hard working farmers, coal miners, quarry workers and fishermen. In 21st century Wales later gained international mention for its fresh beef, lamb, fish and seafood.Cooking on the open hearth this is carried from prehistoric times where the food is cooked on open fire in iron pots. Then there were griddles and bake rock introduced in 18th and 19th century and later cam e in the Dutch ovens. Wales is known for its extensive use of baked stones and griddlesWales has also ample amount of shellfish supply cockles, crabs, limpets, lobster, mussels, prawns, shave fish, scallops and winkles. Oysters were found first in plenty on the Grower peninsular but now the supplies are spare and they have become expensive too. The seaweed-dried sea lettuce is used up to make the Welsh delicacy laver bread. Also known as Welshmans Caviar this is seaweed boiled to make soft dark green mass seaweed is used in breakfast with oatmeal, and cooked in fat as little cakes.Source (Yates, A(2007). Englands heritage food and cooking, London anness publishing ltd.)Bake stone it got its name as a stone was suppressed with metal and iron bake stone are still in use in many welsh kitchens.Stewing and boiling A lot of welsh dishes are made up of stews meat, this cooking style gives rise to the recipe cawl it is also considered as welsh national dish. The cuisine of Wales always r eflects the need of the substantial and filling food.Eating habit here is commonly three meals a day are traditional breakfast consist of bacon, pork sausage, eggs, fried laver bread or oats. Lunch and evening meals traditionally consist of meat or fish with the side vegetable followed by desserts.The British kitchenThere is a range of ingredients produced in Britain is varied- from its lush green fields, orchards and hedgerows to its hillsides and lowland pastures the seasonal and regional qualities of these ingredients to get along British growing economy and reputation for good food, and their diversity and it encourages the chefs to prepare delicious dishes, both traditional and modern. Equipments and commodities used in set up of any British kitchenCommoditiesBRITISH CUISINEVegetables, herbs, wild foodCarrots, parsnip, turnips, potato, swede, onions, leeks horseradish, capital of Israel artichoke, beetroot, celery, cauliflower, Brussels sprout, spinach, peas and beans, chard, watercress, tomato, lavender, chives, mint, parsley, elderflower, dill, sage, tarragon, chamomile, nettles, wild garlic, dandelions, wild fungi, chestnuts, honey, elderberries, kale, rose hips, hazelnuts.FruitsApples, variety of berries, rhubarb, quince, meddler, variety of plums, pearsMeat, poultry and gameVariety of sausages,( Cumberland, black pudding, haggis).Pork, bacon, ham. Mutton, lamb, Beef.Goose, duck, turkey, pheasant, venison, pigeons, partridge, rabbit, hare.Fish, sea food and smoked fishMackerel, herring, cod, haddock, salmon, white bait, turbot, hake, Pollack, pilchard.English mussels, oysters, crayfish, and brown shrimps. smoke haddock, smoked salmon, smoked herrings. Smoked kippers.Milk is plentiful in all the regions, a variety of cheese (Cheshire, Lancashire, cheddar, double Gloucester, derby, Windsor red, Cornish- yarg, sage derby, stilton, dove dale, oxford blue)Methods of Cooking in salient Britain hunt downPoaching of salmon is the traditional dish. This meth od uses water milk, stock or wine is the cooking medium the food product is gently simmered in the liquid. This method of cooking dose not includes any fat.RoastingTraditional Sunday roast. Cooking pork belly, leg of lamb, black pudding stuffed turkey.fryingMostly in Great Britain fish and chips are coked using this method this method also give a crispy and crunch impertinence to the product.StewingThe use of Lancashire hot pot is all over Great Britain. This pot consists of lamb or mutton, onions and potatoes it dose not matters if the trimmings are used of the above food products this all is left to bake in the oven in the heavy pot at a very low heat. This was originated in Lancashire in the north west of England.grillworking, Char Grilling, Barbeque/Grill Roasting, Grill Braising, Pan Grilling and Salamander GrillVery commonly used in all the modern as well as traditional rest. all over Britain for cooking different cuts of meats and vegetables.BraisingThis method is also refer red as pot-roasting. Some of the food products cooked in this style are Braised ox cheek, braised pork spare ribs with maintain indian mustard greens and braised baby artichokesBakingPreparation of breads, cakes, pastries and pies, tarts, quiches and cookies. These all products are classified into bakery products. This cooking method is also used for baking potatoes, baked apples, baked beansMethods of Preservation prevail and practiced commonly in British Isles. Food while in seasons and stocking them for further use. changeingThe food may be sun dried or air dried fastball or wind drying. Mainly fishes like cod, kipplers are sundriedSalting of foodsDry method of food preservation by addition of dry salt. . Examples are dried and salted cod salt cured meat.SmokingFood is cooked, flavored and preserved by smoking the food by burning some plants and woods. Smoking is done for many food products cheese, fish, meats and vegetables. The food is smoked in smoke rooms keepers, salmon a nd many other fishes are smokedPicklingUsing preservative agent in this can be salt-water vinegar.Pickeled beetroot, salsify, fennel, preserved lemon are very common to the British cuisineSugaring reservation jams and marmalade, gooseberry, elderflower, apple, plums etc are preserved and used throughout the yearVacuum packing materialThis is very popular method, which is practiced in modern British pubs, and restaurants. Practicing methods of sous-videFor fail quality of food, texture, taste.Source(http//news.bbc.co.uk, http//www.channel4.com/food/on-tv/river-cottage/)Cuisine of British isles not only used the known methods of cooking that is baking, poaching, roasting or grilling they preserve a lot of food that is available in a specific season by using a various methods of preservation so that they can enjoy them later when it is not in season. Traditional Equipments used in British cuisine areTraditional Ceramic stonewaresource(http//www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collectio ns/)A traditional kiln for Smoked fishSource(http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http//www.fao.org/wairdocs)Casserole PansA casserole dish usually a deep, round, container with handles and a tight-fitting lid can be glass, metal, ceramic or any other heatproof material. Use in making stews casseroles ingredients can include meat, vegetables, beans, rice and anything else the cook desires. Often a topping such as cheese or breadcrumbs is added for texture and flavor.Source(http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http//www.oldandinteresting.)Moulds for baking pies and tartThis is and traditional utensils used for making beef pies this dish may be oval or

Pembangunan Ekonomi Seimbang Dan Komprehensif

Pembangunan Ekonomi Seimbang Dan KomprehensifYB. DATO MUSTAFA MOHAMADMENTERI DI JABATAN PERDANA MENTERIDR. AMINI AMIR ABDULLAHPENGARAH PUSAT ISLAMUNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIABermaksudDan carilah padenosine deaminase apa yang telah dianugerahkan Allah kepadenosine deaminase kamu (kebahagiaan) di akhirat dan janganlah kamu melupakan bahagian kamu dari (kenikmatan) duniawi dan berbuat baiklah (kepada orang lain) sebagaimana Allah telah berbuat baik, kepadamu, dan janganlah kamu berbuat kerosakan di mukabumi. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang berbuat kerosakan. Surah Al-Qasas 77PengenalanPembangunan Malaysia berprinsip ekonomi Islam. Kerajaan telah memperkenalkan konsep Islam Hadhari dalam usaha meneruskan agenda pembangunan negara yang memberi penekanan kepada pembangunan manusia, masyarakat dan negara. Konsep Islam Hadhari memperjelaskan lagi apa yang dimaksudkan dengan pembangunan menyeluruh yang menjadi teras Wawasan 2020 terutama dari segi keseimbangan pembangunan kebe ndaan dengan kerohanian. Kerajaan juga berhasrat untuk memperkukuhkan lagi sistem ekonomi Islam di Malaysia khususnya dalam sektor kewangan Islam.YAB Dato Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi menegaskanIslam Hadhari memberi tekanan kepada pembangunan. Pembangunan yang menjurus kepada pembinaan peradaban. Peradaban yang dicanai dengan pegangan Islam dan memberi fokus kepada usaha mempertingkatkan mutu kehidupan. Mempertingkatkan mutu kehidupan melalui penguasaan ilmu, pembangunan insan, pembangunan kesihatan serta pembangunan fizikal. Mempertingkatkan mutu kehidupan dengan mengamalkan sistem ekonomi, sistem perdagangan dan sistem kewangan yang dinamik. Pembangunan sepadu dan seimbang bagi melahirkan umat yang berilmu dan beriman, bertamadun tinggi, berakhlak mulia, jujur lagi amanah, serta bersedia menangani cabaran semasa dunia global. (Ucapan Dasar Presiden UMNO dlm Perhimpunan Agung UMNO 2004 di Putra World craft Centre, Kuala Lumpur).Islam tidak mengakui wujudnya pertentangan di anta ra kehidupan keduniaan dengan kerohanian. Islam tertonjol bukan sekadar untuk membentuk peribadi manusia, tetapi juga membentuk masyarakat yang sejahtera dan bahagia sehingga ajaran Allah di bumi ini dapat ditegakkan. Islam adalah satu-satunya agama yang menganjurkan keseimbangan antara keperluan dunia dan akhirat, rohani dan jasmani. Banyak ayat-ayat al-Quran yang menggalakkan manusia untuk meraih kedudukan yang seimbang antara keperluan-keperluan rohani dan jasmani. Antaranya ialah firman Allah s.a.w. BermaksudDan carilah pada apa yang telah dianugerahkan Allah kepada kamu (kebahagiaan) di akhirat dan janganlah kamu melupakan bahagian kamu dari (kenikmatan) duniawi dan berbuat baiklah (kepada orang lain) sebagaimana Allah telah berbuat baik, kepadamu, dan janganlah kamu berbuat kerosakan di mukabumi. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang berbuat kerosakan. Surah Al-Qasas 77Islam juga berbeza dengan agama-agama lain kerana ia tidak memisahkan antara kehidupan jasmani d engan kehidupan rohani, individu dan masyarakat dan unsur-unsur keduniaan dengan keakhiratan. Islam mengajarkan supaya berdoa untuk mendapatkan kebaikan di dunia bersama-sama dengan akhirat. Firman Allah s.w.t.Bermaksud Ada di antara manusia yang berdoa,Ya Tuhan kami, berilah kami kebaikan di dunia dan kebaikan di akhirat dan peliharalah kami daripada siksaan api neraka.Islam juga mengharuskan manusia mengambil faedah dan menggunakan keperluan-keperluan dunia untuk menuju ke akhirat. Tiada larangan untuk manusia mencari kebahagiaan di dunia asalkan ianya dilakukan secara tidak melanggar adab dan peraturan Allah s.w.t.. Firman Allah s.w.t.bermaksud Katakanlah ( Wahai Muhammad ) Siapakah yang ( berani ) mengharamkan perhiasan Allah yang telah dikurniakannya untuk hamba-hambanya, dan demikian juga benda-benda yang baik lagi halal dari rezeki yang dikurniakannya. Katakanlah Semuanya itu ialah ( nikmat-nikmat ) untuk orang-orang yang beriman ( dan juga tidak beriman ) dalam kehidupan du nia ( Nikmat-nkmat itu pula) hanya tertentu ( bagi orang-orang yang beriman sahaja ) pada hari Kiamat. Demikianlah kami jelaskan ayat-ayat keterangan kami satu persatu bagi orang-orang yang (mahu) mengetahui.Umat Islam harus berusaha demi untuk kesejahteraan hidup keduniaan agar tidak ketinggalan dalam era mengejar kemajuan di dunia. Namun begitu, umat Islam tidak harus lupa bahawa kehidupan di dunia merupakan tempat untuk menguji tahap keimanan seseorang. Di dalam al-Quran dijelaskanBermaksudPatutkah manusia menyangka bahawa mereka akan dibiarkan dengan hanya berkata Kami beriman sedangkan mereka tidak diuji (dengan sesuatu cubaan). Demi sesungguhnya kami telah menguji orang-orang yang terdahulu daripada mereka, maka (dengan ujian yang demikian), nyata apa yang diketahui Allah tentang orang-orang yang sebenar-benarnya beriman, dan nyata pula apa yang diketahuinya tentang orang-orang yang berdusta.Harus diingat, di dalam mengejar kepentingan keduniaan, Al-Quran memperingatkan umat m anusia agar tidak terperangkap dengan nikmat-nikmat dunia. Ini jelas di dalam firman Allah s.w.tBermaksudKatakanlah bahawa ( yang dikatakan ) kehidupan dunia itu tidak lain hanyalah ( bawaan hidup yang berupa semata-mata) permainan dan hiburan ( yang melalaikan ) serta perhiasan ( yang mengurang ) , juga ( bawaan hidup yang bertujuan ) bermegah-megah di antara kamu ( dengan kelebihan, kekuatan dan bangsa keturunan ) serta (berlumba-lumba memperbanyakkan harta benda dan anak pinak semuanya itu terhad waktunya ) samalah seperti hujan yang ( menumbuhkan tanaman yang menghijau subur ) menjadikan penanamnya suka dan tertarik hati kepada kesuburannya, kemudian tanaman itu bergerak segar ( ke suatu masa yang tertentu ), selepas itu engkau melihatnya menjadi kuning, akhirnya ianya menjadi hancur bersepai, dan di akhirat ada azab yang berat ( disediakan bagi golongan yang hanya mengutamakan kehidupan di dunia itu ), dan ( ada pula ) keampunan besar serta keredhaan Allah ( disediakan bagi ora ng-orang yang mengutamakan akhirat ). Dan ( ingatlah bahawa ) kehidupan dunia ini tidak lain hanyalah kesenangan bagi orang-orang yang terpedaya.Al-Quran meletakkan hirarki kehidupan akhirat lebih baik daripada kehidupan dunia. Akhirat mesti dijadikan matlamat berserta dengan persediaan yang lengkap di dunia. Sebab itu al-Quran memberi amaran kepada mereka yang mementingkan dunia tanpa membuat persediaan untuk akhirat sebagaimana firman Allah s.w.t bermaksudSesiapa yang keadaan usahanya semata-mata berkehendakkan kehidupan dunia dan perhiasannya ( dengan tidak disaksikan sama oleh al-Quran tentang sah batalnya ), maka kami akan sempurnakan hasil usaha mereka di dunia, dan mereka tidak dikurangkan sedikitpun padanya. Merekalah orang-orang yang tiada baginya pada hari akhirat kelak selain daripada azab neraka, dan pada hari itu gugurlah apa yang mereka lakukan di dunia, dan batallah apa yang mereka telah kerjakan.Falsafah Tauhid dan Bidang EkonomiUsaha-usaha kerajaan dalam aspek pemba ngunan ekonomi adalah selari dengan falsafah dan prinsip program Islam Hadhari. Ia bertujuan untuk melindungi ketidakadilan dalam pemerolehan, perkhidmatan dan penggunaan sumber alam, dengan memenuhi kepuasan manusia untuk melaksanakan tanggungjawab terhadap Allah s.w.t. dan masyarakat keseluruhannya.Keperluan kebendaaan dan kerohanian manusia hendaklah dipenuhi dalam bentuk yang bersepadu. Pendekatan ini memberi tempat yang utama kepada kesepaduan nilai etika dan moral dalam semua keperluan dan tindak-tanduk manusia termasuklah dalam beraktiviti ekonomi. Falsafah tauhid menganjurkan kesatuan dalam ilmu pengetahuan untuk mendidik manusia bagi kebahagiaan hidup (al-saadah) dan keredhaan Allah s.w.t.. llmu ekonomi dan yang berkaitan dengannya turut sama berperanan yang pada akhirnya mendukung martabat dan kemuliaan Islam.Penumpuan pembangunan dalam negara adalah secara bersepadu dan komprehensif dengan penekanan diberikan lebih kepada dimensi kerohanian di samping dimensi kebendaan ti dak disisihkan. penghayatan akhlak Islam disertakan dalam semua urusan dan operasi ekonomi.Falsafah tauhid turut mengajar usaha mewujudkan semangat al-adl wa al-ihsan dalam menghayati urusan ekonomi, sesuai dengan firman Allah s.w.t.yang bermaksudSesungguhnya Allah menyuruh berlaku adil, dan berbuat kebaikan, serta memberi bantuan kepada kaum kerabat dan melarang daripada melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan yang keji dan mungkar serta kezacapital of Perun. Ia mengajar kamu (dengan suruhan dan laranganNya ini), supaya kamu mengambil peringatan mematuhiNya. (Surah al-Nahl ayat 90)Tauhid juga mendidik manusia supaya sentiasa peka dalam perhubungan mereka dengan penciptaan dengan penggunaan sumber-sumber dengan secekap mingkin, tidak membazir, dan memperhitungkan akibat dari penggunaan sumber-sumber tersebut suoaya kebajikan dapat dijaga.Konsep dan Prinsip Ekonomi Seimbang dan KomprehensifKonsep pertama ialah konsep rububiyyah, yang menekankan sifat Allah s.w.t. sebagai Penguasa yang membuat peraturan dan bertujuan menjaga dan menampung kehidupan makhluk demi kabahagiaan dunia dan Akhirat.Sebagai Pencipta alam semesta ini, hanya Allah s.w.t. sahajakah yang mengerti perjalanan dan pengisian yang terbaik untuk alam dan makhluk-Nya. Lantaran itu segala peraturan da nsistem yang bersumberkan wahyu adalah demi keharmonian, keadilandan kesejahteraan hidup manusia.Dalam ekonomi Islam, terdapat konsep tazkiyah untuk membentuk kesucian jiwa dan ketinggian akhlak melalui pembersihan harta dengan mengeluarkan zakat dan bersedekah. Pembersihan jiwa juga dapat dibentuk dengan mengikis sifat bakhil dan kedekut, tamak haloba dan eksploitasi serta diganti dengan sifat pemurah dan dermawan, zuhd dan qanaah di samping kompromi dan pengagihan sama rata serta sikap saling bekerjasama dan membantu. Pembersihan interaksi dan kemanusiaan dapat diwujudkan dengan peluang-peluang sama rata dalam aktiviti ekonomi atas jalinan silaturrahim tanpa ada unsur-unsur pilih kasih ataupun kerana darjat. K eluhuran konsep ini menjadi natijah daripada pelaksanaan konsep rububiyyah.Segala aktiviti di dunia perlu dilihat dari segi nilai kini bagi natijah pada Hari Akhirat. Oleh sebab hidup di dunia ini berupa cubaan untuk menguji sesiapa yang terbaik amalannya, sama ada amalan keagamaan ataupun keduniaan, dan semua pemberiaan yang tersedia kepada manusia adalah dalam bentuk amanah, manusia bertanggungjawab kepada Allah s.w.t dan kejayaan pada hari Akhirat nanti bergantung kepada prestasinya di dunia. Kerana di dunia ini aktiviti ekonomi merupakan salaat satu daripada unsur-unsurnya. Maka soal amanah dan kebertanggungjawaban tidak dapat lari dari dipersoalkan pada Hari Akhirat kelak.Manusia sebagai khalifah Allah merupakan pemegang amanah yang bererti memakmurkan dunia yang masih tidak terputus daripada hubungan dengan unsur-unsur tauhid dan rububiyyah. Tatacara perhubungan sesama manusia adalah asas satu unsur persaudaraan dan kesamaan. Ini akan mendorong kepada nilai-nilai murni dan mer ujuk keamanan sejagat. Juga harus diingat, dunia ini kepunyaan Allah s.w.t. Harta kepunyaan manusia bukanlah bersifat mutlak, bahkan ia menjadi ujian dan amanah Allah s.w.t Kesedaran pemilikan secara ini akan menjadikan manusia menguruskan pemilikannya secara yang diredhai oleh Allah s.w.t.Prinsip EkonomiKebebasan Terhad dan Menurut Nili-nillai AkhlakIslam tidak sahaja memberi kebebasan dalam bidang-bidang ekonomi tetapi ia juga memberi perlindungan terhadap apa yang telah diperoleh. Nilai-nilai akhlak dan sifat-sifat terpuji menjadi asas pengisian prinsip kebebasan. Segala amalan ekonomi yang bertentangan syariah Islamiah dianggap menyalahgunakan pengertian kebebasan.kebebasan. Oleh itu, amalan ekonomi tidak boleh menyalahi peraturan syari ah Islam.Hak Milik Swasta atau AwamCara mendapat harta haruslah dengan jalan halal (bukan dengan melakukan amalan riba, penipuan, penindasan, rasuah, eksploitasi dan cara-cara lain yang bertentangan dengan Islam). Hasil pendapatan swasta ataupun persendirian hendaklah dikeluarkan zakat atau cukainya untuk sumbangan ke jalan Allah s.w.t. (seperti sedekah, pembinaan sekolah dan sebagainya).Dalam agihan milik swasta hendaklah dielakkan hal-hal yang boleh mengakibatkan perluasan jurang pendapatan dan membahayakan orang lain atau alam sekitar.Campur Tangan Pihak PengguasaSyari ah Islamiah mengharuskan konsep campur tangan pihak pemerintah dalam kegiatan-kegiatan ekonomi, sama ada dalam bentuk pengurusan, penyusunan, agihan dan perancangan. Dengan kuasa politik di tangan pemerintah, ia berhak campur tangan dalam ekonomi Negara untuk melindungi dan menjamin kestabilan dan keadilan sosial, dengan syarat ia mesti bersandarkan syari ah. Pihak penguasa yang diberi kepercayaan oleh rakyat bertanggungjawab menjaga dan memelihara peraturan masyarakat secara akhusus untuk menegakkan keadilan Ilahi.Prinsip Keadilan SosialPrinsip ini ialah asas yang dinamik untuk mengatur dan melaksanakan urusan ekonomi dalam sesebuah masyarakat. Kecemerlan gan sistem ekonomi memerlukan sistem penyusunan kegiatan ekonomi yang berteraskan semangat keadilan. Semangat ini memberi ruang kepada semua individu untuk berfungsi secara positif dan optimis.Pengendalian ekonomi dan mekanisme kegiatan ekonomi mesti dapat menuju kea rah wujudnya keadilan ekonomi. Sesebuah Negara pula hendaklah dapat menyediakan keperluan hidup asasi individu melalui pencapaaian-pencapaian berikuta. Pemeliharaan penghayatan keagamaan melalui penerapan nilai agama dalam semua urusan hidup.b. Menaikkan taraf daya berfikir masyarakat dan kualiti ilmu.c. Memberikan kebebasan dan jaminan perundangan kepada masyarakat supaya menyuarakan pendapat sesuai dengan prinsip shura.d. Jaminan dalam menentukan kebebasan kerjasama pihak swasta dan kerajaan, dalam ataupun luar Negara dalam usaha mengaktifkan modal dan mencetuskan kegiatan dan peluang ekonomi.e. Membina tamadun yang kukuh agar generasi mendatang terus mengecap kecemerlangan.Prinsip KemuafakatanIslam menekankan semanga t muafakat untuk mengurangkan pertelingkahan antara pasangan-pasangan unit ekonomi seperti majikan dengan pekerja, penjual dengan pembeli, pengeluar dengan pengguna, dan sebagainya dalam sistem ekonomi yang berasaskan tauhid. Ini kerana semua unit ekonomi tersebut mempunyai matlamat dan arah yang sama, iaitu mengabdikan diri kepada nilai keadilan dan muafakat yang dituntut oleh agama. Pendekatan ini sekeras-kerasnya menolak pendekatan hidup dalam sistem ideology secular sepertu yang terkandung di dalam falsafah fight for existence. Islam menekankan cooperation for existence sebagai asas pegangan hidup yang bersesuaian dengan falsafah tauhid.Prinsip IstikhlafManusia ialah khalifah Allah di atas muka bumi ini dan pemegang amanah untuk memakmurkan dunia. Semia di dunia ini menjadi hak milik mutlak Allah s.w.t. dan dicipta untuk keprluan manusia. Manusia bertanggungjawab kepada Allah s.w.t. dan apa yang diusaha dan dimiliki. Prinsip ini menggariskan pemilikan harta hendaklah memalui car a yang diredhai Allah s.w.t. penggunaan harta untuk kebajikan pemiliknya dan juga masyarakat, juga melibatkan pengaliran harta dalam apa jua bidang ekonomi.Prinsip Bekerja dan GanjaranPenglibatan dalam kegiatana ekonomi merupakan ibadah. Setiap penglibatan mestilah diberikan ganjaran yang setimpal. Pemerintah mestilah mewujudkan peluang pekerjaan kepada masyarakat. Riba pula terkeluar daripada prinsip ini kerana ia diperoleh tanpa usaha. Konsep kerja ini akan membawa kepada peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat yang disertai dengan keadilan pengagihan harta dan kekayaan.Prinsip Keuntungan dan KerugianPrinsip untung dan rugi adalah lumrah dalam muamalat Islam, bahkan ia juga menjadi asasnya. Berdasarkan prinsip ini, mekanisme seperti mudarabah dan mushakarah digalakkan dalam aktiviti ekonomi. Ia menjamin keadilan di samping menegaskan konsep saling memerlukan antara pengusaha dengan pemilik modal.Prinsip Menjauhkan Pembuatan MerosakkanIslam menganjurkan segala bentuk keruntuhan akhlak, kerosakan diri, kerosakan masyarakat, kepincangan keluarga dan kerosakan alam persekitaran hendaklah dijauhi dalam kegiatan berekonomi. Oleh itu, terdapat perkara-perkara yang diharamkan oleh Islam seperti penindasan, penipuan, pencurian, pencemaran alam, pembaziran dan sebagainya dalam sistem ekonomi Islam.Islam dan Perebutan Peluang Peningkatan Taraf HidupIslam mengajarkan bahawa dalam melakukan amal ibadah dan menuju ke alam akhirat, dunia ini janganlah diabaikan. Dunia ini menjadi lading ataupun jambatan, manakala matlamat akhir segala aktiviti manusia adalah untuk kejayaan dan kebahagiaan di dunia ataupun akhirat. Firman Allah s.w.t.BermaksudDan carilah pada apa yang telah dianugerahkan Allah kepada kamu (kebahagiaan) di akhirat dan janganlah kamu melupakan bahagian kamu dari (kenikmatan) duniawi dan berbuat baiklah (kepada orang lain) sebagaimana Allah telah berbuat baik kepadamu, dan janganlah kamu berbuat kerosakan di mukabumi. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang y ang berbuat kerosakan. Surah Al-Qasas 77Islam juga mengajarkan kita agar merebut segenap peluang yang ada bagi memajukan diri, masyarakat, negara dan agama sebelum terlambat atau terlepas peluang-peluang itu. Dalam satu sabda Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. diperjelaskan yang maksudnya berbunyiRebutlah peluang lima keadaan sebelum datangnya lima yang lain keadaan mudamu sebelum datangnya keadaan tuamu, dan keadaan sihatmu sebelum datangnya keadaan sakitmu, dan keadaanmu dalam keberadaan sebelum datangnya keadaanmu berhajat, dan keadaan lapangmu sebelum datangnya keadaan sibukmu, dan keadaanmu masih hidup sebelum datangnya matimu. (Riwayat Al-Tirmizi)Malaysia sedang mengorak langkah untuk menjadi pusat perkhidmatan kewangan Islam global yang mampu bersaing di persada kewangan antarabangsa. Kita bermula dengan penubuhan Bank Islam Berhad dan kita sedang menuju ke suatu arah yang jelas untuk dicontohi oleh negara lain terutamanya dalam aspek kewangan, perbankan dan ekonomi Islam.Malaysia kini se dang menjadi perhatian negara-negara Islam lain dan menjadi contoh untuk diambil pengajaran oleh negara-negara lain. Bukan sahaja dalam aspek ekonomi Islam kita sedang dipelajari, bahkan Malaysia merupakan peneraju kepada Pertubuhan Persidangan Islam (OIC) yang mana YAB Perdana Menteri adalah pengerusinya. Kita juga adalah negara Islam contoh dan kita juga adalah model negara Islam bermasyarakat berbilang kaum dan mempunyai pelbagai agama. Kejayaan negara kita mengekalkan kestabilan dan keharmonian antara kaum adalah satu rekod yang perlu kita pertahankan dengan kompleksiti kepelbagaian kaum. Dasar-dasar sedia ada di negara kita telah terbukti dan mampu mempertahankan rekod kejayaan keharmonian perpaduan antara kaum yang cukup baik. Kita juga berharap semoga rakyat semua akan dapat bersama Islam Hadhari bagi merealisasikan pemupukan integrasi nasional dan meningkatkan tahap kesetiaan kita kepada negara dan kepatuhan kita kepada undang-undang dan perlembagaan negara.ISLAM HADHARI DAN PERSPEKTIF PENGURUSAN NEGARA ISLAM SERTA PEMBANGUNAN BERSEPADUPembangunan bersepadu ialah pembangunan yang berasaskan kesepaduan iman, akhlak, kerohanian dan kebendaan. Ilmu-ilmu dan objektif yang berkaitan dengan pembangunan, negara, kemasyarakatan dan manusia tidak dipisah-pisahkan antara satu sama lain. Pembangunan bersepadu juga bersangkutan dengan pembangunan insan yang berpegang pada prinsip-prinsip peraturan Allah dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, manusia sesama manusia, manusia dengan alam sekitar dan manusia dengan makhluk-makhluk ciptaan Allah.Dalam konteks ini juga, manusia sebenarnya adalah pemegang amanah Allah. Dunia ini adalah amanah Allah untuk dimanfaatkan dan dimakmurkan mengikut ketentuan yang Allah perintahkan. Usaha-usaha manusia harus dilakukan mengikut landasan-landasan yang ditetapkan oleh Allah s.w.t.. Islam memberikan perhatian yang serius kepada pembangunan insan berbanding dengan pembangunan-pembangunan lain kerana di tangan insanlah terletaknya inisi atif dan perlaksanaan membangunkan bidang-bidang lain. Secara dasarnya, apabila baik (muhsin, muslih, soleh) insan itu maka baiklah juga perlaksanaannya menurut tuntutan Islam. Walau bagaimanapun, ini tidaklah boleh diertikan Islam sebagai mengenepikan pembangunan-pembangunan lain. Islam juga mementingkan pembangunan material, negara, masyarakat dan keluarga. Justeru itu, bidang-bidang ini mesti disepadukan dengan pembangunan insan tadi.Taqwa merupakan ciri terpenting yang patut terdapat dalam pembangunan. Pembangunan bertaqwa ialah pembangunan yang menjuruskan hati, perasaan dan matlamat kehidupan untuk mematuhi titah perintah Allah s.w.t. dan menjauhi larangannya. Taqwa merupakan paksi pembangunan perspektif Islam. Setiap perbuatan dinilai baik-buruknya berdasarkan neraca Allah s.w.t. dan bukannya manusia. Firman Allah s.w.t.Perbandingan syurga yang dijanjikan untuk orang yang bertaqwa itu ialah mengalir communication channel sungai di bawahnya, makanannya tidak habis-habis, begi tu juga naunganNya. Begitulah kesudahannya orang yang bertaqwa, dan kesudahan orang yang kafir itu ialah api neraka.Menurut Islam, Allah telah melantik manusia sebagai khalifahNya di atas muka bumi ini. Manusia diberikan beberapa kualiti untuk mentadbir dunia dan hal ehwalnya, diberikan tanggungjawab dan amanah untuk memenuhi tuntutan-tuntutan Allah dengan bentuk fizikal yang terbaik dan bersesuaian. Justeru itu, pembalasan-pembalasan baik dan buruk akan diberikan oleh Allah s.w.t. berkenaan dengan perlaksanaan tuntutan-tuntutan Allah tadi. Manusia akan dipersoalkan oleh Allah di Akhirat kelak untuk segala aktiviti-aktivitinya yang dijalankan di atas dunia ini. Manusia patut menggunakan seluruh keupayaan akal dan potensinya untuk mendapatkan keredhaan Allah s.w.t. Ringkasnya, segala tenaga dan keupayaannya patut ditumpukan pada membangunkan dunia ini menurut kehendak Allah s.w.t. mengikut cara yang dikehendaki olehNya. Manusia patut bersedia menjawab persoalan-persoalan yang akan di tanya oleh Allah s.w.t. di akhirat kelak berkenaan dengan dirinya, keluarga, jiran, masyarakat, aktiviti ekonomi, pekerjaan, pendidikan, perundangan, penguatkuasaan undang-undang, urusan pemerintahan, negara, peperangan dan sebagainya. Kejayaan sebenar(Al-Falah) dan pembangunan hanya akan dapat diraih sekiranya manusia memberikan sepenuh tumpuan kehidupannya untuk menjawab persoalan-persoalan ini.Misi para Nabi adalah mensucikan diri manusia dalam proses-proses pembangunan yang dialami oleh manusia. Konsep (Tazkiyyah) mengambil kira penyucian manusia dalam hubungan-hubungan manusia-Tuhan, manusia sesama manusia, manusia-makhluk dan manusia-alam sekitar. Konsep ini akan mengharmonikan kesejahteraan alam semesta dan manusia dan mempertingkatkan hubungan-hubungan di atas untuk mencapai kejayaan di dunia dan di akhirat.Pembangunan dalam Islam berasaskan Tauhid iaitu hanya Allah s.w.t. dan tiada lainnya yang menjadi dasar keyakinan, objektif hidup dan motivasi memajukan kehidupan, usaha dan perbuatan. Berasaskan paradigma tauhid, segala aktiviti manusia didasarkan kepada otoriti Allah s.w.t. kerana Allahlah sahaja yang mempunyai otoriti mutlak menganugerahkan sesuatu atau menarik balik nikmat itu. Justeru itu, segala aspek berkaitan dengan pembangunan itu mestilah dilandasi mengikut kehendakNya.Islam menganjurkan keseimbangan (al-Tawazun) antara tuntutan dunia dan akhirat. Keseimbangan juga dituntut antara pembangunan rohani dan jasmani, sprituil dan material, akal dan nafsu. Persoalan pembangunan seimbang akan membawa kita kepada persoalan nilai antara dua elemen asas dalam keseimbangan pembangunan menurut perspektif Islam. Tuntutan dunia dan akhirat mestilah berdasarkan kriteria marufat (baik) dan munkarat (buruk atau keji).Pembangunan material haruslah diseimbangkan dengan pembangunan spiritual. Inilah yang dimaksudkan oleh Allah s.w.t. berkaitan dengan pembangunan negara iaitu negara yang aman makmur mendapat pengampunan Tuhannya(Baldatun taiyyibatun wa rabbun Ghafur).Pembangunan berakhlak ialah pembangunan yang berasaskan misi agung Rasulallah s.a.w. iaitu misi menyempurnakan akhlak yang mulia. Pembangunan berakhlak akan memanifestasikan objektif akhlak itu terancang, tersusun dan terbangun mengikut akhlak Islam. Terdapat sebuah hadis yang memperingatkan tentang akhlak yang boleh dijadikan sandaran perlaksanaan pembangunan berakhlak. Sabda Rasulallah s.a.w. yang maksudnya seperti berikutTiga perkara yang menyelamatkan, iaitu takut pada Allah ketika bersendirian dan dikhalayak ramai, berlaku adil pada ketika suka dan marah, berjimat cermat ketika susah dan senang dan tiga perkara yang membinasakan iaitu mengikut hawa nafsu, terlampau bakhil dan kekaguman seseorang terhadap dirinya sendiri. (Riwayat Abu Syeikh)Keadilan merupakan merupakan salah satu daripada ciri-ciri pembangunan berakhlak. Adil bermaksud meletakkan sesuatu pada tempatnya. Maka pembangunan yang adil ialah pembangunan yang dilakukan bersesuaian dengan tempatnya dalam kontek s bernegara, bermasyarakat dan berkeluarga. Manafaat pembangunan mestilah boleh dikecapi secara sama rata sama ada Islam dan bukan Islam, tanpa ada sikap pilih kasih, kronisme, atau sentimen keturunan, bangsa, darjat atau kelas. Penjurusan faedah-faedah ekonomi mestilah ditumpukan ke arah kelompok-kelompok masyarakat yang memerlukan berbanding dengan yang tidak. YAB Dato Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi menjelaskanAdalah perlu diteliti semula pelbagai pendekatan dan kaedah untuk diperkemaskan supaya lebih seimbang dan menyeluruh, merangkumi pembangunan prasarana dan pembangunan ekonomi, diperkukuhkan dengan pembangunan manusia melalui program pendidikan yang komprehensif, diperlengkap pula dengan program pembangunan rohani untuk menyemaikan nilai-nilai murni dan menerapkan nilai-nilai Islam dalam kehidupan. (Ucapan Dasar Presiden UMNO dlm Perhimpunan Agung UMNO 2004 di Putra World get by Centre, Kuala Lumpur).Pembangunan berlestari, berhati-hati, mengelakkan pembaziran, kemewahan ya ng negatif dan perkara-perkara yang tidak berfaedah merupakan tuntutan Islam. Pembangunan haruslah terancang dan mengambil kira kemampuan kewangan negara. Pembangunan yang cenderung untuk mengisi kecenderungan hawa nafsu bukanlah pembangunan yang dituntut oleh Islam.Pembangunan juga bukanlah alat untuk menonjolkan keangkuhan. Semuanya adalah kurnia Allah jua dengan kehendak dan iradahNya. Dalam konteks ini, konsep syukur merupakan salah satu ciri pembangunan berakhlak. Syukur dikira sebagai tanda terima kasih di atas anugerah Allah s.w.t. dan redha dengan sebarang ketentuanNya. Berterima kasih kepada manusia pula tidak seharusnya melebihiberterima kasih kepada Allah kerana anugerah nikmat itu hanyalah hak Allah. Berterima kasih kepada Allah bukan sahaja dilipatgandakan oleh Allah nikmat-nikmatnya di dunia ini bahkan di akhirat kelak. Kufur nikmat atau tidak melakukan cara bersyukur yang betul apabila menerima sesuatu nikmat atau imbuhan akan mendapat balasan buruk dan azab Allah s.w .t.. Firman Allah s.w.t.BermaksudDemi sesungguhnya sekiranya kamu bersyukur, nescaya Aku akan tambahkan nikmatKu kepada kamu dan sekiranya kamu kufur, sesungguhnya azabKu amatlah keras.Menyentuh soal pembangunan berakhlak, kita tidak akan dapat lari daripada soal disiplin dan semangat ketekunan juga. Mana-mana pembangunan pun tidak akan dapat tercapai tanpa menyentuh soal ketekunan dan disiplin diri. Pembinaan ketamadunan manusia menyentuh soal ketekunan dan berkerja kuat. Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. bersabda Sesungguhnya Allah s.w.t. menyukai apabila seseorang kamu bekerja dia melakukannya dengan tekun. Riwayat Abu Daud) Masyarakat yang membangun ialah masyarakat yang bekerja kuat dan ini meningkatkan produktiviti serta memberi kesan yang positif. Justeru itu, pembangunan sambil lewa, lemah perancangan dan tindakan, malas dan curi tulang bukanlah pembangunan dalam ruang lingkup akhlak Islam.Menurut pandangan Islam, harta adalah satu keperluan dan bukannya matlamat. Harta dikira sebagai re zeki daripada Allah maka ia hendaklah dibersihkan dengan mengeluarkan zakat. Ia juga dianggap sebagai satu amanah, maka ia hendaklah diperolehi dan dibelanjakan mengikut tuntutan Islam. Kualiti pembangunan menurut Islam adalah gabungan daripada pembangunan bersepadu, seimbang dan berakhlak. Inilah merupakan perbezaan ketara pembangunan perspektif Islam dan pembangunan Barat.Pembangunan berihsan juga di perlukan dalam konteks pembangunan negara. Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan pembangunan berihsan ialah pembangunan yang dianggap segala tindakan dan perlaksanaan di dalamnya sentiasa di bawah pemantauan Allah s.w.t.. Oleh kerana pembangunan yang menjurus kepada mendapatkan keredhaan Allah s.w.t. dianggap sebagai ibadah, maka pembangunan berihsan menepati konsep ihsan yang menjelaskan bahawa kamu menyembah Allah seolah-olah kamu melihatNya, sekiranya kamu tidak melihatNya, maka sesungguhnya Allah melihat kamu. Di dalam hadith yang lain berkenaan ihsan, Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. bersabda Allah te lah mewajibkan ihsan pada setiap sesuatu Allah mewajibkan kita berbuat kebaikan dalam setiap pekerjaan yang kita lakukan. Dalam konteks pembangunan, konsep ihsan harus diaplikasikan dalam setiap perancangan dan perlaksanaannya yang mengambil kira keperluan dan mereka yang memerlukan, ihsan terhadap sesama manusia, ihsan terhadap makhluk dan alam sekitar.Etika Dalam PembangunanDi dalam Islam, pembangunan tidak akan mempunyai sebarang erti seandainya pembangunan yang dimaksudkan hanyalah berunsurkan material semata-mata. Bahkan pembangunan yang berunsurkan material merupakan asas utama dalam falsafah pembinaan pembangunan dan tamadun Barat.Di sini dibawa satu kisah daripada al-Quran berkenaan kaum Ad yang menikmati pembangunan yang cukup pesat dan maju pada zaman mereka. Mereka dikurniakan bangunan rumah-rumah di tanah mendatar yang dipahat dari gunung, tanah yang cukup subur, ternakan yang membiak dengan senang dan taman-taman yang indah-indah. Maknanya mereka dianugerahkan Allah kem akmuran dan kesenangan hidup yang tiada taranya pada zaman itu. Namun demikian, mereka tidak menyembah Allah s.w.t.. Yang disembah ialah patung dan berhala. Nabi Hud a.s. diutus untuk berdakwah kepada mereka dengan ajakan agar beriman kepada Allah s.w.t. yang mencipta mereka dan menganugerahkan kemakmuran itu kepada mereka. Allahlah sahaja yang layak disembah dan disyukuri. Dalam dakwahnya juga, Nabi Hud telah menjelaskan betapa mereka telah meletakkan diri mereka ke lembah kehinaan dengan menyembah patung berhala yang tidak dapat memberi apa-apa faedah dan keburukan kepada mereka bahkan mereka telah meletakkan diri mereka sebagai makhluk mulia di sisi Allah s.w.t. serendah-rendahnya.Mesej yang ingin disampaikan di sini ialah betapa pembangunan itu adalah anugerah Allah s.w.t. jua dan ia mestilah disyukuri dan pembangunan itu apabila diteliti betul-betul adalah dengan izin Allah jua. Justeru itu ia juga adalah merupakan tanda-tanda kebesaran dan keagungan Allah s.w.t. bagi orang-ora ng yang berfikir dan meningkatkan keimanan kepada Allah s.w.t.. Kemuliaan penciptaan manusia mestilah dibuktikan dengan keimanan kepada Allah sebenar-benarnya dengan cara menjunjung titah perintahnya d

Denition Of Baby Dumping Theology Religion Essay

Denition Of Baby Dumping immortal Religion EssayThe issues of the mollycoddle chuck out give out a modern-day issues that never decrease in term of their quantity. Nowadays, this issues become more worsened compargond to previous years. We entrust say that, the mollycoddle fling activities eer mishap close to eachday. According to the Headquarters of Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM), they bring upd that, the import of the screw up throw out is the act of leaving away their babies at the round(prenominal) places without taking care of that babies. According to the Community, Family and Women Ministry, the issues of scotch dump already had achieved almost to thousand per a year. This cases become a hot and big result around malaysians people. M each parties had already discussing about this problem that commonly put across in Malay communities. The question that we should eternally request is, why this problems al ways happen toward our juvenilers?According to Wik ipedia, the free encyclopedia it define baby fling as a hearty problem that happen when the m fresh(prenominal) of the baby want to abondent or cod ordaining to leave their children in reality or private places with the intent to dispose their baby without defy fondness to pile care their babies. Usually this kind of cases happened when the mother of the baby have giving birth to the unwanted babies. Thus, to cover all their mis hits, they scoop up a drastic way by dispose their bear babies. Besides that, the Wikipedia in any case defined baby dumping as a rejecting and throwing a baby away after the mother of the baby have giving a birth and exposeing their baby with the danger in a means to consider sure their baby death.In addition, according to Kamus Dewan Edisi 4, page 208, the term dumping deliberate a means throw, delete and remove while the implication for the word baby is a newborn child by the mother. If we combine the meaning of the baby dumping, it blow ov er to us a deep meaning as a dumped or eliminate the innocent child to all over without have any humane nature. The meaning that was given by the dictionary give a more and better understand about the issues that was everlastingly happened and occured in our country. Besides that, baby dumping to a fault can be defined as when a pair of irresponsible stir either already married or non make a end to clevernessful abandon their unwanted baby in unfavorable places such(prenominal) as dumpstair, abondan places even in front of other houses.ALTERNATIVE ship canal TO CURB THE BABY DUMPINGSome of the steps that was transmitn by the parties either by government, parent and school can non brought a successfull method in indian lodge to overcome this kind of issue. Therefore, it is grave to discuss the alternative ways in order to curb this baby dumping problems.GOVERNMENTThe other alternatives that government shall take is set up the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Bank. It is was pr oposed by Selangor law of nature, old geezer Datuk Khalid Abu Bakar in year 2010. In Malaysia, utilize DNA Bank to run the crime cases same baby dumping is a one of the new approach. The DNA Bank will give a lot of benefict for the police by facilitate their investigation. For baby dumping cases, DNA Bank can trace the parents that abandoned their newborn babies because DNA Bank will supporting the DNA of all newborn babies. Thus, any psyche that abandoned their babies will easily to cause trace by the police. Besides the baby dumping cases, DNA Bank also can attention the police in other crime cases, like murder, robbery cases and so on. Eventhough this facilities will give alot of well- universe to solve the crime issues, but it may going to take a time and need a lot of cost to get to this facilities in our country. However, it still become a best solution to destination cases that related with baby dumping problems. bet on alternatives that government can take in act ion is reconstruct the syllabus. The present syllabus that our children used right away is good enough to them become ac lastledgeable person but thither are leakage in creating an awareness to our children regarding the land upual relationship. Thus, government should reconstruct or add the syllabus in certain subject like in Pendidikan Islam and Pendidikan Moral. The element that can create and rise the awareness and could high spot the consequences of social problem like free get off and baby dumping should be emphasized. Besides reconstruct the syllabus, the government also should exterminate the fully grown material either from internet or in form of electronic multimedia. This kind of things will influence the teenager to do a magnanimous thing easily if the immediate and the drastic step did not take by the government. Nowadays, teenagers can access this pornographic material by using the internet so government should block all this matter from introduce to our countr y. Set a strict rule also can be taken by government in order to overcome this cases.The furtherance of islam as a way of life also can be a excellent alternative to reduce the morsel of baby dumping statistic because the majority person that selectd in baby dumping cases are muslim youth. Therefore, the government can hired the islamic scholar or ulama to take a reesponsible to explain and have a some talk about the religion to our young generation. Beside that, when there is a political design or when there is a national celebration, the government could invited the religious person or motivator to motivate our citizen instead of invite the singer to coordinate their concert. genius of the politician in our country had said that, one of the motive why the baby dumping in our country increase for e actually year is due to the entertaiment that they easily to get. Too entertaimnet that didnot give any benefit for them will cause them to get chances involve in social problem. other(a) than that, government also should give a support for NGO activities. One of the method that NGO organised to overcome this problem is by providing baby hatch. The baby hatch was get supported by our Ministry of Women, Family Community development. The liaison of baby hatch is to help the women especially the young women that need help from abandoning their babies by providing place for them to leave their unwanted babies instead of throwing them in undesirable places. Thus, this baby hatch should be build in other state so that this problem can resolved.SCHOOLSchool plays important routine to help in bridle the baby dumping problem among the teenagers. The premier alternative that the school should do is increase the slamledge and social aptitude among the teenagers. The instructor should not just teach the students about the knowledge in textbook, but they also should have iniciative to teach the student about the public knowledge including the devolve on activ ity issues. The students should know how worse the social problem that just happening in our country. They also should have some knowledge how to take care themselve from being trapping in free sex and also baby dumping cases. Besides that, the teenagers also need some skill to make decision about when they should initiate with sex, with whom and under what circumstances they should know about the sex. Besides the knowledges, school also should provided the warlike art class. This martial art class is important to teenager to have a some skill to defence them from be a victim in sexuality issue.The second alternative is school should offer reproductive health military service and contraception. Normally, the facilities was only exist in public and private family planning clinic. Thus, the teenagers that have some problem in sexuality relationship may look embarrassed due to the perception of cammunity toward them. We should take some example from unite State, they also offer rep roductive health in school to give their students the knowledges regarding with the sexual relationship. By providing this service in school, the students can use it to get counseling session regarding with their sexuality relationship. To overcome the baby dumping issues, in any event give counseling, the service also can organise communication program for parents and teen to discuss about the teenagers problem in sex education. It is important to enhance the teens sense of personal development and to parent in erudite about their children problems.The third method that the school can do is by applying the sex education to their students. Sex education in school is a better option to overcome this problem. But, many parties may have a wrong perception toward the objective of sex education in school. actually, it is not the teacher teach the student about how to have a salutary free sex, but the objective of sex education are to provide the awareness to the students and let them t o have a better understanding of reproductive system and health. It is important to provide the students especially female students about the consequences of having a relationship with a boy in a early stage. Beside that, sex education could give the extra knowledge and tend to reduce the number of unprotected sexual intercourse and also illegal pregnancy. We should learn from Singapore, they address the issues much better and faster than us. Now, the sex education was formally taught in upper primary school until the pre university level. The objective that Singapore emphasized regarding the sex education are to building the teenagers that mature and be responsible with their own body.PARENTParents play a high role to teach their kids to become good in their own behavior. Thus, the role of parent in curbing the baby dumping need to address truly well. First of all, the parent should openly discussed about the sex education with their children. Eventhough the topic about the sex ed ucation is still taboo to aur culture, but it is important to prevent the teenage to get the wrong information about sex from wrong sources. Parents always refuse and opposed to discuss about the sex with their children and leave the respnsible to the teacher only. Thus, the parent should take their own role to reduce the number of baby dumping in our country. The parent should have initiative to story the consequences of being in a relationship in an early stage to their children. The children should know how they should respect their own body by not letting any men touch their body without have any legal relationship. Beside that, if the children asking the questions, the parent should provide the actual answer to their children. They should not give a wrong answer because the children may have cinfusing in understanding that topic.Second alternative that the parent could taken is supervise their children activities. Parent should know very well about what their children do and wi th who their children befriend. If necessary, parent should control their children when they frequently slam to hangout with their friend instead of staying at home. Once, before egulate all their children activities including their children social life, but now parents is different. They believe that their children can manage their life very well even without their parent guide. They also should firm their childrem activities relating with the activities that do not good for their life. Sometimes, parents did not give a full attention to their children because of also much spending with their work. Thus, the children feel boring staying at home by themselve and finally take a decision to hangout with their friends that tend to involve in social problem. So, parent should spent their time with their children in order to understand their children behaviour and problems.